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Bem Sex-Role Inventory
The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) is a measure of masculinity-femininity and gender roles. It assesses how people identify themselves psychologically. Bem's goal of the BSRI was to examine psychological androgyny and provide empirical evidence to show the advantage of a shared masculine and feminine personality versus a sex-typed categorization.〔American Psychologist (1977) "Sandra Lipsitz Bem: Early Career Award." ''American Psychologist'' (32)88-89〕 The test is formatted with 60 different personality traits which participants rate themselves based on a 7-point Likert scale. Traits are evenly dispersed, 20 masculine, 20 feminine, and 20 filler traits thought to be gender neutral.〔Bem & Sandra Lipsitz (1981) "Bem Sex-Role Inventory" ''Mental Measurements Yearbook with Tests in Print'', (9)〕 All traits in the BSRI are positively valued personality aspects.〔Lee, Aldora (1982) "Psychological Androgyny and Social Desirability" ''Journal of Personality Assessment'', (46)147〕 Numerous past studies have found that gender categorizations are correlated with many stereotypical gendered behaviors.〔
==History==
"In the field of psychology, much research is conducted involving individuals' perceptions of gender roles, and behavioral as well as attitudinal correlates. Gender roles may be defined as "expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex". One can also add to this definition the expectations which are held about appropriate personality characteristics." The Bem Sex-Role Inventory was created by Sandra Bem in an effort to measure androgyny. It was published in 1974. Stereotypical masculine and feminine traits were found by surveying 100 Stanford undergraduate students on which traits they found to be socially desirable for each sex.〔 The original list of 200 traits was narrowed down to the 40 masculine and feminine traits that appear on the present test.〔Gaa, John P. & Liberman, Dov. (1980) "Response Tendency on the Bem Sex-Role Inventory." ''The Journal of Psychology. (2)259〕 Normative data was found from a 1973 sample for 444 males and 279 females and a 1978 sample of 340 females and 476 males all also from Stanford University undergraduates.〔
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